La sinceridad de A. Smith
Hace un tiempo mientras buscaba piso en Madrid me dejaron un huequecito en un sotano de Republica Argentina, una habitacion de soltero amueblada a base de futon, equipo de musica, y licores en la nevera. El unico libro en la casa era “Consideraciones sobre la riqueza de las naciones”, de Adam Smith, asi que me dedique a hojearlo en profundidad. Y ultimamente, a raiz de un cruce de comentarios con Luis Rull, he vuelto a buscarlo por la red y entresacar unos cuantos fragmentos.
A lo largo del libro (publicado en 1776) Adam Smith defiende el modo de producción en cadena, dada su eficacia. Pero al repasar sus inconvenientes advierte que
the understandings of the greater part of men are necessarily formed by their ordinary employments. The man whose whole life is spent in performing a few simple operations, of which the effects too are, perhaps, always the same, or very nearly the same, has no occasion to exert his understanding, or to exercise his invention in finding out expedients for removing difficulties which never occur. He naturally loses, therefore, the habit of such exertion, and generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become.
Y en vez de manos invisibles, sugiere que es mision del gobierno tomar medidas:
the great body of the people, must necessarily fall, unless government takes some pains to prevent it.
Explica y defiende la necesidad de una escuela publica (practicamente obligatoria) de financiacion mixta (por eso de la competencia…):
The education of the common people requires, perhaps, in a civilized and commercial society, the attention of the publick more than that of people of some rank and fortune. (…) The employments too in which people of some rank or fortune spend the greater part of their lives, are not, like those of the common people, simple and uniform.
For a very small expence the publick can facilitate, can encourage, and can even impose upon almost the whole body of the people, the necessity of acquiring those most essential parts of education.
The publick can facilitate this acquisition by establishing in every parish or district a little school, where children may be taught for a reward so moderate, that even a common labourer may afford it; the master being partly, but not wholly paid by the publick;
y finalmente confiesa el objetivo de la educación: evitar los desordenes sociales:
The state, however, derives no inconsiderable advantage from their instruction. The more they are instructed, the less liable they are to the delusions of enthusiasm and superstition, which, among ignorant nations, frequently occasion the most dreadful disorders [En la traduccion española creia yo recordar que se hablaba explicitamente de manipulacion por lideres populistas o cosas asi. ¿Quizas en otra sección del libro, o en alguna nota al pie?]. An instructed and intelligent people besides are always more decent and orderly than an ignorant and stupid one.
Asi que señores, la proxima vez que -aunque sea en nombre del progresismo- invoquen la educación en valores, ya saben de donde viene la idea.



